Cultivation theory, regulatory framework, cultural industries and reception theory

Cultivation theory:

"Film teaches us what to want"

"TV is a medium of socialisation"

The more you watch TV, the more you think it likens to your everday life.


Reglatory framework:

Public Service Broadcasting

An example of this in The Killing is how it deals with social issues such as violence against women and gender sterotypes.


Cultural industries:

Vertical and horizontal representation

Synergy is the coming together of multiple elements

Tourisim to Denmark increased after The Killing

Fad of wearing a Sarah Lund jumper

Exam Q ideas

"The Killing is a show that has gained critical acclaim and was seen as innovative in terms of its representation of female characters. In what ways do you agree and disagree?"


-Lead character is female

-Victim is female and is exposed to only a gown, which shows women being weak which could be considered sterotypical of women

-Van Zoonem's theory that the media sterotype women is disproven by a strong female lead but could also be backed up by the fact that the victim is female ad is helpless to the fact that she has been exposed in terms of her clothing (mise en scene) and the fact she was mudered (editing shows she had cuts and bruises)

-Laura Molvy's theory that women see themselves through men's eyes could be disproved by the fact that the female lead is strong and decisive, so ashe is not worrying about male opinions towards her. It could also be proved by the way female student sdress at the halloween party, as they dress sterotypically.

-Judith Butler's theory of gender is peformative is shown by the politician being male, as the vast majority of politicians are male. The mother of the dead daughter is helpless, a helpless woman is sterotypical. This theory is challeneged by the female lead, as she is presented as strong, indepedent and decisive.

-Steve Neale's theory of genre is instance of reppetition and difference is evident as there is difference, in a general crime series the lead is male but in The Killing, the lead character is female.

Screenplay with little or no dialouge

Inspuration:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RyFX_2CR7aE&safe=true

*Office manager gets off phone looking dissapointed and walks out of his office*
\
Office manager: Hey want to hear a joke?

*office workers do not respond*

Office manager: You're not getting Christmas bonuses this year!

*Office workers angrily stare at the manager*

*Manager walks back into his office and closes the blinds*

Mr. Robot edit (The art of silence)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUrTRjEXjSM&safe=true


https://youtu.be/WiEECImZyhA

Sound and editing in The Killing

The Killing uses sharp light as a trigger for panic. The woman needs to stay invisble in orddr to survive, so when a sharp light is shown like the plane or a torch is nshwon, it auses the girl to run and panic.

The Killng also uses repating drums to cause tension, as the irl is running away the drums keep being heard but when the drum stops, it indoicates panic and causes shock.

Sound, Judith Butler and trailer for the Killing

Sound:

Diegetic sound
Non-diegetic sound
Foley sound
Sound as a motif
Contrapuntal sound
Asynchronous sound

Editing:
Jump cut
L-cut
J-cut
Flashback
Montage
Fade
Parallel edit
Credits
Voiceover
Graphic match

Cinematography:
High-angle shot
Close-up shot
Wide shot
Long shot
Establishing shot
Pan
Tilt
POV shot
Over-the-shoulder shot
Dolly
Medium shot
Extreme close-up
Reaction
Zoom

Mise en scene:

Costume
Setting
Props
Make-up
Lighting
Colour

Judith Butler: Gender is performance.

The trailer of The Killing emphasised the female lead. She had a low shot, which showed her superiority. There was multiple characters in the trailer, which shows that a lot of people are involved in the murder case. There was a quick change in shots frequently, which shows that The Killing could have lots of twists and turns.

 

Ideas for short film

Shots:

1. Establishing shot

2. POV shot

3. Medium shot

4. Close up shot 

5. Zoom out shot

Plot: Gang goes to rob a bank. Interrogate the bank manager to get the safe combination. They get it and open the safe but there is hardly no money there. 

SCRIPT: 

Bank robber leader: Put your masks on!

*masks get put on*

Bank robber leader: Let's go!

*3 robbers enter bank*

Bank robber leader: ALRIGHT LISTEN UP,  DO WHAT WE SAY AND NOBODY GETS HURT!

Bank robber 1 (to bank manager): What is the safe combination?!

Bank manager: There's no point!

Bank robber 1: Tell me the combination right now or your brains will be splattered all over this nice floor. 

Bank manager: 157678!

Bank robber leader: You got that? Empty that safe quickly!

*Bank robber 2 opens safe, hardly no money there*

Bank robber 2 (to leader): There is not a lot here.

Bank robber leader (to manager): Where is the rest of the money?!

Bank manager: Online! Its all online now!

Bank robber leader: What?!

*police sirens begin to be hard*

Theories in The Killing

Theories in The Killing:

Steve Neale:"Genre is instances of repetition and difference" The Killing is a noir show. It shows repetition through its lighting. The lighting is consistently dark, which is typical of a noir show. It shows difference by having a female lead, females usually have lesser roles in noir shows and films.

Todorov's theory of equilibrium being disrupted and is eventually replaced by a new equilibrium, which is evident in The Killing. Equilibrium has been disrupted by the murder of the teenage girl and equilibrium will be restored once the murderer has been caught.


Strauss' theory of binary opposition in The Killing is evident. The detective wants to find the killer of the teenage girl but the killer whose identity has not been revealed wants to get away with the crime.


Debra Knight's theory that the thrill comes from prolonging the inevitable is shown in The Killing. The finding of the girl's corpse is prolonged until the last part of the pilot, which gives the viewer the excitement of whether she is dead or not, even though the viewer knows she is probably dead.

Todrov's theory

1. Equilibrium

2. Disruption of equilibrium

3. Recognition of disruption

4. An attempt to repair damage

5. New equilibrium

Editing

Editing- The stage in the film-making process in which sound and images are organised into an overall narrative.

Continuity editing: The most common type of editing, which aims to create a sense of reality and time moving forward. It does not draw attention to the video editing process. (Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6otVm1YNI0&safe=true)

Jump cut- An abrupt, disorentating transitional device in the middle of a continued shot in which the action is noticeably advanced in time and/or cut between two similar shots, usually done to create discountinuity or artisitic effect. (Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wH4cNrUB4ss&safe=true)

Credits- The information at the eginning or end of a film. (Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TibA0sQQZw8&safe=true)

Cross-cutting:

Mise en Scene

The Dark Knight interrogation scene https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ChPTKPzB4I&safe=true)


Props: The only props in the scene are the lamp which shows the gloomness of the interrogation rom as the lap is the only thing that gives sight of what is going on, the other prop used in the scene are The Joker's handcuffs, which are taken off to signal that Batman will be interrogating The Joker or possibly the other way around.

Costume: The Joker has his usual outfit that he has worn throughout the film, except his blazer. This indicates he has been locked up now for at least a few hours. Batman is wearing his usual costume.

Lighting: The lighting is harsh, as they are in an interrogation, the only light is a very bright lamp, which conveys the harsh and gloomy nature of the scene as well as one of the film's overall themes of pressure which causes chaos.

Colour:


Makeup: The Joker is wearing his usual clown makeup but on this occasion, it s fading and is smudged. This indicates he has been in the police station for a long time.

Use of sound in film

Foley sound- a sound that is added in post-production.

Diegetic sound- presented as orginated from source within the film's world

Non-diegetic sound- sound whose sourcr is neither visible on screen nor has been implied to be prdent in the film's world.

J-cut- hear the sound of the next scene before the scene appears.

L-cut- both scene and sound start at the next scene

Contrapental sound- when the sound constrats what is happening on screen

Types of camera shots and angles

CAMERA SHOTS

Aerial shot:



Close up:



Extreme close up:


Establishing:


Medium:



Two shot:



Point-of-view:


Over the shoulder:


Overhead:


Reaction:


CAMERA ANGLES:

High angle:


Low angle:


Canted framing:


Pan:


Track:


Crane:



Steadicam:


Tilt:


Zoom:

Tension

Debra Knight said that "the thrill comes from prolonging the inevitable. Tension should be like a rubber band. You should see how much you can stretch that rubber band because as the rubber band is streched more and more, more tension is created. Narrative strands are an important part of creating tension. Narrative strands are different stories within one show or one film, it creates more interest for the viewer because they can follow multiple stories, not just one character in their quest. For example, in my TV show, i wlll have multiple strands starting with the main strand of a police offcier also being a criminal, I will have secondry strand ssuch as his wie's addiction, his children's school life and the cop's friends from bth of his careers. Most of these strands, if not all of them would combine at the end in order to have a big finale. The prospect of the narrative strands combing together creates tesnion, such as the protagonist's cop friends meeting his criminal friends. The ig finale then gratifies the tension.

Idea for pilot

The pilot begins with a man taking his police badge off and putting a ski mask on. Moving on to act one, the protagonist's daily routine is shown. He is a police officer. He is shown stopping a person who robbed a local store at gunpoint. He goes back to the police station to be told by the chief that what he did was too reckless. He then goes home to his family. He has a wife who has her own inner demons, and two children. Both young boys. However, the protagonist's life is turned upside down when two loan sharks show up and kick his door down. They say that his wife owes their gang $100,000. She took out a loan of $50,000 to desperately feed her drug habit, which is hinted at when there is a needle on her desk just before her husband walks in. She did not realise that there was a 50% interest rate on the loan.  The loan sharks say that their boss wants the money in one month or her whole family will be turned into "TV dinners". The husband berates her addiction, calling it "weak-minded" and "selfish." However, he has to get the money very quickly, in order to save himself, his children and his wife. He somehow gets involved in a heist on a goods warehouse, where he coups $200,000. During the heist, he feels the adrenaline of being chased and causing chaos. After the hiest, he looks at all the money he got and the rush he had and realises that he has no restrictions when he is a criminal and gets a sizable amount of money which pays off the debt, but means his family can live in luxury. Act 4 shows him in another heist, having the time of his life. He is now addicted to heists, which establishes a connection between his wife's drug addiction. He comes home late at night  and enters his child's bedroom where his youngest boy asks "Did you catch the bad guys?" He now leads a secret double life and the pilot ends.